First and second degree family history as a risk factor for breast cancer. A case-control study
Keywords:
Mammary neoplasia, Family history, Risk factorAbstract
Objective: A relevant increase of breast cancer incidence was observed in Brazil in the last few years. An
important risk factor for developing breast cancer is a positivefamily history of this disease. Method: The
knowledge of breast cancer risk factors is a big step towards a meaningful preventive intervention. His is
an epidemiological, retrospective, case-control study, involving institutions listed as reference for cancer
treatment in Alagoas, Brazil during the period between January 2002 and April 2008. Women aged
between 25 and 75years old were included. He sample involved 244 cases with histological confirmation
for breast cancer and 276 controls free of malignant characteristics at mammography (BI-RADS 1 and 2)
or inconclusive mammography (BI-RADS 0) with normal ultrasound and clinical examination. Results:First and second degree family history of breast cancer increased the risk of breast neoplasm in our study
(OR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.53-4.21; p < 0.01). According to our research, 39% of all woman with family
history of breast cancer present only first degree family history, 57% only present second degree and 4%
present both degrees. An isolated first degree family history increased risk ofthis cancer (OR: 3.81; 95%
Cl: 1.72-9,16; p < 0.01), but isolated second degree history doesn't behave as a risk factor ofthis neoplasm
(OR: 1.89; 95% IC: 1.03-3.51;p = 0.0503). Conclusion: Patient reported of first degree family history
of breast cancer increases the risk of developing disease. Isolated second degree history of breast cancer was
a risk factor for acquire this neoplasm, but was not statistically significant, in our study.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Marta Maria Vasconcelos de Araújo, Laís Ribeiro da Costa Paes, Thiago Costa de Almeida, Jonatha de Oliveira Lopes, Cira Danielle Casado Alves, Francisca Indira Beltrão Colaço Costa, Andréa Tatiane Oliveira da Silva
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