ACONSELHAMENTO DE MULHERES COM RISCOS HEREDITÁRIOS DE CÂNCER DE MAMA: UM GUIA PARA 0 MASTOLOGISTA
Palavras-chave:
Câncer de mama, Aconselhamento genéticoResumo
predisposição hereditária a tumores de mama é responsável por 5% a 10% de
dos os casos dessa neoplasia. A maioria desses casos se deve às mutações em dois
genes recentemente identificados denominados BRCA-1 e BRCA-2. Entretanto, apesar
da baixa incidência desses tumores, o risco cumulativo dessas mulheres e de suas
familiares para desenvolvimento de carcinomas de mama e de ovário é muito maior que
a população geral. Por meio de um adequado aconselhamento podemos identificar mulheres com risco elevado de terem herdado essa susceptibilidade, orientá-las e,
inclusive, por testes moleculares hoje disponíveis, estratificar o seu risco com muito maior precisão. Dado ao recente desenvolvimento do campo da quimioprevenção de
tumores mamários, poderemos ainda, no futuro, modular esse risco farmacologicamente
para benefício dessas mulheres. Discutir-se-ão, nesse trabalho, as bases da predisposição genética, do aconselhamento e as alternativas para a prevenção do câncer de mama nessas pacientes.
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