ALTERAÇÕES GENÉTICAS EM CÂNCER DE MAMA
Keywords:
Alterações genéticas, Câncer de mamaAbstract
Evidências moleculares sugerem que o processo de tumorigênese da mama envolve o
acúmulo de diversas alterações genéticas. Os eventos genéticos mais freqüentemente observados em câncer de mama são a amplificação de oncogenes (c-myc, c-int-2, c- erbB-2) e a inativação de genes supressores de câncer evidenciada pela ocorrência de
perdas de heterozigose em diversos segmentos cromossômicos (1p, 3p, 6q, 11p, 11q, 13q, 16q, 17p, 17q e 18q) e pela ocorrência de mutações em genes supressores de câncer já clonados, como os genes TP53 e RB1. A detecção de alterações genéticas associadas
ao câncer de mama permitirá uma melhor compreensão do processo de tumorigênese da
mama e a identificação de marcadores moleculares que possam ser utilizados no diag- nóstico, prognóstico e tratamento da doença.
Downloads
References
1. BERNS EMJJ, KLIJIN JGM, PUTTEN WLJ et al. С-тус
amplification is better prognostic factor than HER2/neu
amplification in primary breast cancer. Cancer Res 1992;
52: 1107-1113.
2. BIÈCHE I. CHAMPÈME MH, LIDEREAU R. A tumor
suppressor gene on chromosome 1p32-pter controls the
amplification of myc family genes in breast cancer.
Cancer Res 1994; 54: 4274-4276.
3. BORRENSEN A-L, OTTESTAD L, GAUSTAD A et al.
Amplification and protein over-expression of the neu/
HER-2/c-erbB-2 protooncogene in human breast carcinomas: relationship to loss of gene sequences on
chromosome 17, family history and prognosis. Br J
Cancer 1990; 62: 585-590.
4. CHEICKH MB, ROUANET P, LOUASON G et al. An
attempt to define sets of cooperating genetic
alterations in human breast cancer. Int J Cancer 1992;
51: 542-547.
5. CLARK GM, McGUIRE WL. Follow-up study of HER-2/
neu amplification in primary breast cancer. Cancer Res
1991; 51: 944-948.
6. COLES C, CONDIE A, CHETTY U et al. p53 mutations in
breast cancer. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 5291-5298.
7. COLES C, THOMPSON AM, ELDER PA et al. Evidence
implicating at least two genes on chromosome 17p in
breast carcinogenesis. Lancet 1990; 336: 761-763.
8. CROPP CS, CHAMPÈME M-H, LIDEREAU R et al.
Identification of three regions on chromosome 17q in
primary human breast carcinomas which are frequently
deleted. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 5617-5619.
9. DAVIDOFF AM, KERNS BJM, IGLEHART JD et al.
Maintenance of p53 alterations thoughout breast cancer
progression. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 2605-2610.
10. DEVILEE P, VAN VLIET M, VAN SLOUN P et al.
Allelotype of human breast carcinoma: a second major
site for loss of heterozygosity in chromosome 6q.
Oncogene 1991; 6: 1705-1711.
11. EASTON DF, BISHOPDT, FORDD et al. Genetic analysis
in familial breast and ovarian cancer: Results from 214
families. Am J Hum Genet 1993; 52: 678-701.
12. ESCOT C, THEILLET C, LIDEREAU R et al. Genetic
alteration of the c-myc protooncogene (myc) in human
breast carcinomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986; 83:
4834-4838.13. EVAN GI, WYLLIE AH, GILBERT CS et al. Induction of
apoptosis in fibroblasts by c-myc protein. Cell 1992; 59:
119-128.
14. FEARON ER, VOGELSTEIN B. A genetic model for
coloretal carcinomas. Cell 1990; 61: 759-767.
15. FUTREAL PA, LIU Q, SHATTUCK-EIDANS D et al.
BRCA1 mutations in primary breast and ovarian carcinomas. Science 1994; 266: 120-122.
16. LANE DP. The regulation of p53 function: Steiner Award
Lecture. Int J Cancer 1994; 57: 623-.
17. LAVIALLE C, MODJTAHEDIM, CASSINGENAR et al.
High amplification level contributes to the tumorigenic
phenotype of the human breast carcinoma cell line SW
613-S. Oncogene 1988; 3: 335-339.
18. LEITZEL K, TERAMOTO Y, SAMPSONE et al. Elevated
soluble c-erbB-2 antigen levels in the serum and
effusions of a proportion of breast cancer patients. J Clin
Oncol 1992; 9: 1436-1443.
19. LEONE A, McBRIDE OW, WESTON A et al. Somatic
allelic deletion of nm23 in human Cancer. Cancer Res
1991; 51: 2490-2493.
20. LOCKER AP, DOOWLE CS, ELLES IO et al. C-myc
oncogene product expression and prognosis in operable
breast cancer. Int J Cancer 1989; 45: 669-672.
21. MALKIN D, LI FP, STYRONG LC et al. Germ line p53
mutations in a familial syndrome of breast cancer, sarcoma
and other neoplasms. Science 1990; 250: 1233-1238.
22. MARKS JR, HUMPHREY PA, WU K et al. Overexpression
of p53 and HER-2/neu proteins as prognostic markers in
early stage breast cancer. Ann Surg 1994; 219: 332-341.
23. MERLO GR, VENESIO T, BERNARDI A et al. Loss of
heterozygosity on chromosome 17p13 in breast carcinomas identifies tumors with high proliferation index.
Am J Pathol 1992; 140: 215-223.
24. MIKI Y, SWENSEN J, SHATTUCK-EIDENS D et al.
Isolation of BRCA1, the 17q-linked breast and ovarian
cancer susceptibility gene. Science 1994; 266: 66-71.
25. MIKKELSEN T, CAVENEE WK. Suppressors of the
malignant phenotype. Cell Growth & Different 1990;
4: 201-207.
26. NAGAI MA, MARQUES LA, TORLONI H et al. Genetic
alterations in c-erbB-2 protooncogene as prognostic
markers in human primary breast tumors. Oncology 1993;
50: 412-417.
27. NAGAI MA, РACHEСO MM, BRENTANI. MM et al.
Allelic loss on distal chromosome 17p is associated with
poor prognosis in a group of Brazilian breast cancer
patients. Br J Cancer 1994; 69: 754-758.
28. NAGAI MA, YAMAMOTO L, SALAORNI S et al.
Detailed deletion mapping of chromosome segment
17q12-21 in sporadic breast tumours. Genes Chrom
Cancer 1994; 11: 58-62.
29. OSHIMA CTF, NAGAIMA, MARQUES LA et al. Analysis
of c-myc mRNA expression in primary breast carcinomas
with clinical follow-up. Inter J Oncol 1995; 6: 719-723.
30. OSTROWSKI JL, SAWAN A, HENRY L et al. p53
expression in human breast cancer related to survival
and prognostic factor: an immunohistochemical study. J
Pathol 1991; 164: 75-81.
31. SASA M, KONDO K, KOMAKI K et al. p53 alteration
correlates with negative ER, negative PgR, and High
Histologic Grade in breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 1994;
56: 46-50.
32. SATO T, TANIGAMI A, YAMAKAWA K et al. Allelotype
of breast cancer: Cumulative allele losses promote tumor progression in primary breast cancer. Cancer Res.
1990; 50: 7184-7189.
33. SATO T, SAITO H, WENSENJ et al. The human prohibitin
gen located on chromosome 17q21 is mutated in sporadie
breast cancer. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 1643-1646.
34. SLAMONDJ, CLARK GM, WONG SG et al. Human breast
cancer: Correlation of relapse and survival with
amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. Science 1987;
235: 177-182.
35. SOUSSI T, LEGROS Y, LUBIN R et al. Multifactorial
analysis of p53 alteration in human cancer: A review.
Int J Cancer 1994; 57: 1-9.
36. THOR AD, MOORE DHII, EDGERTON SM et al.
Accumulation of p53 tumor suppressor gene protein: an
independent marker of prognosis in breast cancers. J Natl
Cancer Inst 1992; 84: 845-855.
37. TSUDA H, HIROHASHI S, SHIMOSATO Y et al.
Correlation between long-term survival in breast cancer
patients and amplification of two putative oncogenecoamplification units; hst-1/int-2 and c-erbB-2/ear-1.
Cancer Res 1989; 49: 3104-3108.
38. VARLEY JM, BRAMMAR WJ, LANE DP et al. Loss of
chromosome 17p13 sequences and mutations of p53 in
human breast carcinomas. Oncogene 1991; 6: 413-421.
39. VARLEY JM, SWALLOW JE, BRAMMAR WJ et al.
Alteration to either c-erbB-2 (neu) or c-myc protooncogenes in breast carcinoma with poor short-term
prognosis. Oncogene 1987; 1: 423-430.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Aparecida Nagai
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
